A Robust, Self-Healable, and Shape Memory Supramolecular Hydrogel by Multiple Hydrogen Bonding Interactions

A versatile double-network (DN) hydrogel with two noncovalent crosslinked networks is synthesized by multiple hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) interactions. The DN hydrogels are synthesized via a heating–cooling photopolymerization process by adding all reactants of agar, N-acryloyl glycinamide (NAGA) and N-benzylacrylamide (NBAA) monomers, UV initiators to a single water pot. Poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide-co-N-benzyl acrylamide) (P(NAGA-co-NBAA)) with a triple amide in one side group is synthesized via UV-light polymerization between NAGA and NBAA, forming a strong intermolecular H-bonding network. Meanwhile, the intramolecular H-bonding network is formed between P(NAGA-co-NBAA) and agars. The sol–gel phase transition of agars at 86 °C generates the molecular entanglement network. Such a double network enables the hydrogel high self-healing efficiency (about 95%), good shape memory ability, and high mechanical strength (1.1 MPa). Additionally, the DN hydrogel is completely crosslinked by multiple hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) and the physical crosslinking of agar without extra potential toxic chemical crosslinker. The DN hydrogels find extensive applications in the biomedical materials due to their excellent biocompatibility.