A review of mass-transfer models and mechanistic studies of semi-volatile organic compounds in indoor environments

Semi-volatile organic compounds from artificial products can persist for long periods in indoor environments, and several semi-volatile organic compounds can lead to human diseases via inhalation, ingestion and dermal pathways. Mass-transfer models are an excellent alternative to experimental testing for predicting the transportation of semi-volatile organic compounds in indoor environments. This report presents a comprehensive review of mass-transfer models for semi-volatile organic compound transportation in indoor environments, assuming that semi-volatile organic compounds are well mixed and exhibit uniform properties in the indoor space. The mass-transfer models, including emission and surface/particle sorption models, and methods for determining material emission and mass flux on sorptive and airborne surfaces are discussed. Factors affecting the emission rate and gaseous concentration are analysed, including the airflow rate, surface sorption, particles, temperature and humidity. Finally, a few research needs are highlighted in this review.