A review of carbon-supported single-atom catalysts for electrochemical reactions

Recent advances in the use of carbon-supported single-atom catalysts (SACs) for electrochemical reactions are comprehensively reviewed. The development and advantages of carbon-supported SACs are briefly introduced, followed by a detailed summary of the synthesis strategies used, including vapor phase transport, high temperature pyrolysis and wet chemical methods. Advanced characterization techniques for carbon-supported SACs are also reviewed. The use of carbon-supported SACs in different fields, such as the oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, and oxygen evolution reaction are summarized. Special emphasis is given to the modification strategies used to enable carbon-supported SACs to have an excellent electrocatalytic performance. Finally, the prospects and challenges associated with using carbon-supported SACs for electrochemical reactions are discussed.