A nanoparticle composed of totally hospital-available drugs and isotope for fluorescence/SPECT dual-modal imaging-guided photothermal therapy to inhibit tumor metastasis

As primary sites of tumor metastasis, sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) require a highly biocompatible theranostic platform for precise localization and treatment to inhibit tumor metastasis. Herein, indocyanine green-human serum albumin (ICG-HSA) nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated by ICG-induced self-assembly and radiolabeled with technetuim-99 m (^99mTc). The fabricated NPs were composed of hospital-available drugs and isotopes, making them highly biocompatible for in vivo applications. In a mouse model of SLN metastasis, the prepared NPs exhibited excellent capacity for preoperative planning by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging-enabled SLN localization, near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging-enabled intraoperative real-time monitoring, and SLN photothermal treatment. Photothermal treatment with SLN enhanced the inhibition of lung metastasis and significantly increased the survival time of mice. The prepared NPs were highly biocompatible and exhibited efficient theranostic properties for inhibiting cancer metastasis, making them promising candidates for clinical translation.