TY - JOUR
T1 - A fiber balloon catheter for uniform light delivery in intraductal photodynamic therapy of bile duct tumors
AU - Lu, Yiwen
AU - Liu, Gaoqi
AU - Zhao, Meng
AU - Jiang, Le
AU - Wu, Rongqian
AU - Lyu, Yi
AU - Zhang, Xiaogang
AU - Pang, Lihui
AU - Wang, Rongfeng
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
PY - 2026/6
Y1 - 2026/6
N2 - Background: Intraductal photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising minimally invasive treatment for bile duct tumors, but clinical efficacy is limited by uneven intraductal light distribution and light dose attenuation induced by intraluminal blood and bile. Objective: To develop an optical transmission device for intraductal PDT of bile duct tumors and optimize the light irradiation strategy. Methods: The power density distribution was analyzed by COMSOL simulation, and laser attenuation by blood and bile was quantified using an integrating sphere power meter. A fiber–balloon catheter was constructed and evaluated in two pigs that received hematoporphyrin derivative (2 mg/kg) 48 h preoperatively. Under cholangiographic guidance, the device was inserted via enterotomy, and laser irradiation was delivered at 100 mW/cm² for 1200 s. Histopathology was assessed at 3 days post-PDT. Results: Blood and bile caused 32.5 % to 45.8 % laser power attenuation. In a 1-cm-diameter duct, eccentric fiber positioning produced 2- to 3-fold wall power density variations. The balloon catheter maintained stable central fiber positioning, expelled intraluminal fluids, and caused no adverse events. Histopathology revealed circumferential, uniform bile duct epithelial necrosis at 3 days post-PDT. Conclusions: The cylindrical fiber balloon catheter is safe and feasible, and it can effectively improve the uniformity of light irradiation during intraductal PDT for bile duct tumors.
AB - Background: Intraductal photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising minimally invasive treatment for bile duct tumors, but clinical efficacy is limited by uneven intraductal light distribution and light dose attenuation induced by intraluminal blood and bile. Objective: To develop an optical transmission device for intraductal PDT of bile duct tumors and optimize the light irradiation strategy. Methods: The power density distribution was analyzed by COMSOL simulation, and laser attenuation by blood and bile was quantified using an integrating sphere power meter. A fiber–balloon catheter was constructed and evaluated in two pigs that received hematoporphyrin derivative (2 mg/kg) 48 h preoperatively. Under cholangiographic guidance, the device was inserted via enterotomy, and laser irradiation was delivered at 100 mW/cm² for 1200 s. Histopathology was assessed at 3 days post-PDT. Results: Blood and bile caused 32.5 % to 45.8 % laser power attenuation. In a 1-cm-diameter duct, eccentric fiber positioning produced 2- to 3-fold wall power density variations. The balloon catheter maintained stable central fiber positioning, expelled intraluminal fluids, and caused no adverse events. Histopathology revealed circumferential, uniform bile duct epithelial necrosis at 3 days post-PDT. Conclusions: The cylindrical fiber balloon catheter is safe and feasible, and it can effectively improve the uniformity of light irradiation during intraductal PDT for bile duct tumors.
KW - Balloon catheter
KW - Bile duct neoplasms
KW - Light delivery method
KW - Photodynamic therapy
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105040710194
U2 - 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2026.105519
DO - 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2026.105519
M3 - 文章
C2 - 42173330
AN - SCOPUS:105040710194
SN - 1572-1000
VL - 59
JO - Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
JF - Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
M1 - 105519
ER -