2-D Beam-Scanning Rinehart-Luneburg Lens Antenna Fed by Butler Matrix

This paper proposes a 2-D beam-steerable Rinehart-Luneburg lens antenna array fed by a Butler matrix. The antenna achieves azimuth scanning by switching the input ports on the horizontal plane of the lens, while elevation beamforming is realized through a Butler matrix integrated into the vertical plane. This configuration provides planar beam scanning within a range of pm 45° in azimuth and elevation planes. Compared to conventional mechanically steered planar arrays and reflector antennas, the proposed antenna offers significant advantages in applications requiring wide scanning ranges and uniform performance, including a more compact size, simplified and rugged structure, and lower cost. Consequently, it holds high potential for applications in highspeed communications, sensing, and radar systems.