高盐饮食对不同盐敏感表型受试者血压水平及高血压患病率的影响

Objective To investigate the impact of a high-salt diet on blood pressure level and the prevalence of hypertension in individuals with varying salt-sensitive phenotypes. Methods In 2004, 339 partieipants from northern China were subjeeted to a chronic salt loading diet intervention study, and their salt-sensitive phenotypes were determined based on the study results. The partieipants were divided into salt-sensitive and salt-insensitive groups. In 2018, we randomly selected 152 partieipants for follow-up from the original cohort, and assessed their salt intake through 24-hour urine sodium level. The participants were divided into different groups based on various criteria to comprehensively investigate the effects of high-salt diet on blood pressure level and hypertension prevalence in individuals with different salt-sensitive phenotypes. Results Among the 339 subjects, 154 were identified as salt-sensitive, accounting for 45.4%, while 185 were classified as salt-insensitive, accounting for 54.4%. The average arterial pressure response to high-salt intake after switching from low-salt intake in salt-sensitive individuals was 8.31 (7.60, 9.02), while the average arterial pressure response in salt-insensitive individuals was — 1.09 (— 1.49, —0.68). A follow-up visit was conducted in 152 participants. It was found that the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure [divided according to the average daily salt intake Oll g), SBP: 140.8 mmHg vs. 132.9 mmHg, DBP: 85.9 mmHg vs. 81.6 mmHg, P<0.05; divided according to the quartile of daily salt intake, SBP: 140.8 mmHg vs. 132.9 mmHg, DBP: 85.9 mmHg vs. 81.6 mmHg, P<0.05] were significantly higher in the high-salt diet group than in the normal salt diet group in salt-sensitive individuals, but there was no significant difference in salt-insensitive individuals (P>0.05). Additionally, the high-salt diet could significantly increase the incidence of hypertension among salt-sensitive individuals [divided according to the average daily salt intake Oll g): 58.8% vs.32.8%, P<0.05; divided according to the quartile of daily salt intake; 58.8% vs.32.8%, P<0.05], but had no effect on salt-insensitive individuals (P>0.05). Conclusion A high-salt diet can increase systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in salt-sensitive individuals, and significantly increase the long-term prevalence of hypertension in salt-sensitive individuals, but not in salt-insensitive individuals. Therefore, the salt-sensitive phenotype plays a crucial role in the relationship between salt intake and salt-sensitive hypertension.