铜离子价态对铜基催化剂光/电催化 CO₂ 还原性能影响的研究进展

Under the dual carbon target, the realization of CO₂ photocatalytic/electrocatalytic reduction is a forward-looking strategy to alleviate the greenhouse effect and improve the utilization of carbon resources. However, as processes involving multiproton coupling, such as electron transfer, carbon-carbon coupling and hydrogenation, improving the conversion yield of CO₂ and the selectivity of single product still face major challenges. Due to the good binding energy between Cu and CO, copper-based catalysts have great prospects in improving the efficiency of CO₂ reduction. Taking nano-copper-based catalysts as the starting point, the effects of catalyst morphology, element doping and composite with other materials on CO₂ reduction process were discussed in this review, when copper ions with different valence states were used as photo/electrocatalysts. The effects of different morphologies, doped elements and composite catalysts on catalysts containing Cu²⁺, Cu⁺ and Cu⁰ in the reaction process, and on the selectivity of reduction products and the corresponding Faraday efficiency were mainly discussed. Finally, some suggestions for research of copper based catalysts were put forward, including the mechanism analysis of Cu ion valence state on the formation of multi-carbon products, the preparation of high efficiency and single selectivity catalyst, and the use of advanced technology to control the types of products.