糖基化 RNA 的检测技术与功能研究进展

Classical cell biology posits that glycosylation modifications occur exclusively on proteins and lipids. However， the discovery of glycoRNA has challenged this paradigm， expanding the research frontiers of glycobiology and RNA biology. This review systematically summarizes the discovery history and molecular compositional characteristics of glycoRNA，with particular emphasis on detection methodologies including metabolic labeling， chemical oxidation， proximity labeling， and mass spectrometry-based approaches. It summarizes the potential functions of glycoRNA in cellular communication， immune regulation， exosome-mediated transfer， and angiogenesis. Finally， it outlines future research directions centered on critical issues such as biosynthetic mechanisms，structural elucidation， and functional regulation，aiming to provide theoretical insights for the development of glycoRNA detection technologies and mechanistic studies.