电解海水催化剂的设计与改性

Electrolysis of seawater is a renewable, sustainable, low-cost, and fresh-water-saving way for hydrogen production. The design and development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts has good application prospects for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in natural seawater or brine electrolyte. After exploring the current situation and challenges of seawater electrolysis, we have systematically summarized the design ideas and modification methods for seawater-splitting electrocatalysts. This review first introduces in detail the basic principles of hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, and chlorine evolution. The recently reported electrocatalysts for HER and OER that can work stably in seawater are subsequently discussed. For cathodic reaction, efficient noble-metal based catalysts and low-cost transition metal-based catalysts are analyzed. For anodic reaction, the nickel-based catalysts are focused and compared with other catalysts. Finally, challenges and development directions of seawater electrolysis are presented. In the future, different electrocatalysts with various structures for seawater splitting should be further developed. Highly efficient and stable cathode electrocatalysts and those with higher OER selectivity for anodic reaction should be designed to meet the requirements of industrial applications.