生物质热化学转化制备绿氢研究进展

Green hydrogen is considered one of the most promising energy sources, playing a significant role in promoting energy transition, reducing carbon emissions, and advancing sustainable development. Clean and renewable biomass resources (approximately 3.5×10⁸t/a) provide a sustainable feedstock option for green hydrogen production. This paper first gives the definition of green hydrogen from the hydrogen production technology/ carbon emissions and summarizes the pathways for green hydrogen production. It then reviews the progress of research in the thermochemical conversion of biomass for green hydrogen production, focusing on reaction mechanisms, influencing factors, and process intensification strategies for pyrolysis, gasification, and chemical looping technologies. The performance of different green hydrogen production processes is compared in terms of efficiency, cost, etc. The analysis shows that the cost of producing green hydrogen via biomass thermochemical conversion ranges from 1.25—2.20USD/kg, with a hydrogen production efficiency of 35%—65%, and a hydrogen yield of around 190g/kg. Compared with several hydrogen production technologies, pyrolysis reforming technology exhibits the advantages of simplicity and fast hydrogen production rates, while steam gasification is superior in increasing hydrogen yield and purity. Chemical looping conversion demonstrates significant potential for producing high-purity carbon-negative hydrogen. The separation and purification of green hydrogen are crucial steps in obtaining high-purity hydrogen, achieved through water-gas shift, acid gas removal, and hydrogen purification processes. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges in biomass thermochemical conversion for hydrogen production. It proposes future development suggestions for reducing feedstock costs, improving hydrogen production efficiency, and achieving CO₂ enrichment and utilization.