木质素降解酶人工调控的研究进展

Lignin, a renewable abundant natural aromatic compound, is recognized as the most prevalent aromatic polymer found in nature and serves as a promising sustainable feedstock for the production of high-value aromatic chemicals. Nevertheless, the inherent heterogeneity and intricate structure of lignin present considerable obstacles to its degradation and effective utilization. The presence of a diverse array of lignin-degrading enzymes in nature, each exhibiting a wide range of specificities, allows for enzyme-mediated biodegradation to overcome the limitations imposed by the recalcitrant structure of lignin, thereby enabling its degradation under mild conditions. Nonetheless, the expression, catalytic activity, and stability of natural lignin-degrading enzymes often fall short of expectations. Recent years have witnessed considerable progress in artificially regulating the synthesis and catalytic properties of lignin-degrading enzymes through heterologous expression and molecular modification. This paper begins with a succinct overview of the principal lignin-degrading enzymes and their catalytic characteristics. It subsequently emphasizes the advancements achieved in the heterologous overexpression of these enzymes and the enhancement of their catalytic efficiency, while thoroughly examining the existing theoretical and technological challenges and proposing targeted strategies to address these issues. Our aim is to provide a valuable reference for the development of more efficient lignin biodegradation systems and to contribute to the achievement of the “double carbon” objective.