有机液态储氢技术研究进展

In the context of the current global energy structure transformation and carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals，effective energy storage technology has become critical. Particularly for clean energy sources such as solar and wind power， the application of energy storage technology is the core for their efficient utilization and stable supply. Hydrogen，as a kind of energy carrier with high energy density and clean，renewable characteristics，has received extensive attention. However，issues such as the poor stability of hydrogen，its tendency to leak，and the risk of combustion and explosion have limited its widespread application in energy storage and transportation. To address these challenges，researchers have proposed various hydrogen storage technologies，including high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage， liquid hydrogen storage， and solid-state hydrogen storage， among others. Among these， Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers （LOHC） technology has garnered particular interest due to its ability to store hydrogen long-term，on a large scale，and stably，while effectively avoiding hydrogen diffusion losses. Additionally，LOHC technology offers advantages such as mild storage conditions and the utilization of existing infrastructure for transportation，endowing it with significant potential in the field of hydrogen energy storage and transportation. Based on this， this paper systematically reviews LOHC technology from three dimensions： the development of liquid organic hydrogen carriers，the design of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysts，and industrialization research，elaborating on the latest research trends in this technology. Firstly，regarding the research progress of liquid organic hydrogen carriers，this paper introduces in detail the physical and chemical properties of common liquid organic hydrogen carriers， the requirements of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions，as well as their advantages and limitations，and discusses newly proposed hydrogen storage systems in recent years， including amide and ester hydrogen storage systems. Secondly， concerning the research progress in hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysts，this paper explores new research directions in this field. Researchers have proposed more diversified new ideas for the design and development of catalysts for hydrogenation reactions using crude hydrogen，wet hydrogen，and other hydrogen sources; suggestions for optimizing the use of liquid organic hydrogen carriers and implementing reaction cascades have been made to address the stringent conditions of dehydrogenation reactions and the slow rate of hydrogen release. Furthermore，this paper reviews the research on industrialization， including economic analysis， reactor design， and process optimization. Economic analysis indicates that LOHC technology has significant economic advantages over the currently most commonly used high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage for high hydrogen demand and long-distance transportation. In terms of process optimization， researchers have proposed methods such as microwave radiation and mixed liquid organic hydrogen carriers to enhance the heat and mass transfer effects in LOHC hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. Finally， this paper will summarize the progress in each research direction and outlook on the future development and application of LOHC technology， with the aim of promoting the advancement of liquid organic hydrogen carriers technology through comprehensive discussion.