微波辅助合成石墨烯基材料及其储能应用研究进展

Graphene-based materials show irreplaceable application potential in energy storage, electronic devices, and catalytic conversion, due to their high electrical/thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties. As an efficient and eco-friendly preparation method, microwave technology features rapid heating, uniform heat distribution and strong selectivity, which can effectively enhance the preparation efficiency and overall performance of graphene-based materials, thus playing an important role in their fabrication. The research progress of microwave technology in graphene-based materials was systematically reviewed in the paper. Firstly, the principles and mechanisms of microwave treatment of graphene were expounded, confirming that under microwave irradiation, graphene not only produces significant thermal effects to accelerate reactions, but also induces discharge plasma effects under specific conditions for material modification.Secondly, typical microwave-assisted reactions, including intrinsic graphene modification, functional doping, and composite construction were discussed, while the auxiliary effect of microwave discharge plasma was analyzed. Subsequently, the application status and performance advantages of microwave-treated graphene-based materials in supercapacitors, batteries, and thermal storage devices were summarized. Finally, the future development directions of microwave technology in this field were identified.