大型电力变压器高能电弧压力特性及防护技术研究现状与未来展望

High-energy arc faults constitute a significant contributor to ignitions and explosions in large power transformers. The pressure wave associated with these arcs can cause deformation or even catastrophic rupture of the transformer tank, ultimately leading to transformer explosions. However, to date, the pressure characteristics induced by high-energy arcs in transformers remain poorly understood, and corresponding protection technologies are still in their nascent stages. Consequently, studying the pressure characteristics and protection strategies of electric arcs in oil is of important significance for ensuring the safe operation of large power transformers. This paper describes the characteristics and generation mechanism of high-energy arc pressure, summarizes the current research status of arc pressure simulation technology, analyzes the failure process of transformer oil tank under high-energy arc pressure, reviews the current test technology of transformer strength assessment under high-energy arc, and identifies the challenges faced in the 90 MJ arc energy assessment of UHV transformers. The fuel tank protection technology under high-energy arc discharge is summarized and the methods of active defense and rapid removal of high-energy arc are reviewed. The prospects in future research directions of arc pressure, fuel tank failure mechanism, high-energy arc equivalent test method, and ignition and explosion protection technology are further put forward, which can provide a reference for the research of high-energy arc discharge protection technology for large power transformers.