共轭微孔聚合物的制备与应用

As a unique class within the versatile family of microporous materials, compared with ordinary conjugated polymers or porous materials, conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs) not only have π-conjugated framework but also have many micropores. Since their discovery in 2007, CMPs have been intensively studied as an important subclass of porous materials, and various interesting properties and possible applications have been discovered and described. A wide range of chemical reactions, building blocks and synthetic method offer a tremendous number of CMPs with different properties and specific structures, which drives the rapid growth of the field. CMPs have shown great potential in solving energy and environmental problems, in particular, they have demonstrated huge application prospect in gas adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis, light emittance, sensing, energy storage and biological applications. Since first discovered, CMPs are unparalleled among porous materials because they possess extended π-conjugated backbones along with the chemical and thermal stability. Nowadays, the possibility to produce solvent processable CMPs or to generate thin films on electrodes all makes CMPs an exciting field for further research. In this review, we present the recent significant breakthroughs and the conventional functions and practices in the field of CMPs to find useful applications. We start with an initial historical look at origins of porous materials and a briefly contrast between CMPs and other porous materials. Then, we present an exhaustive analysis of the design strategies with special emphasis on the topologies of amorphous porous organic materials. As following, we discuss the chemical synthesis of CMPs that gives access to a range of potential applications, with a focus on the up-to-date overview of the main fields. Finally, we give an outlook of the challenges and restrictions which CMPs research in the future. We also draw some comparisons between CMPs and the growing range of conjugated crystalline covalent organic frameworks(COFs).