从气体开关电弧到脉冲放电等离子体的发展

Gaseous discharge plasma underpins the development of next-generation power systems and high energy density physics, which is of strategic importance for clean energy and advanced technology applications. This review focuses on the scientific continuity and technological evolution of switching arcs and pulsed discharge plasmas, highlighting recent theoretical advances and emerging applications. On one hand, driven by the global need to replace SF6, notable progress has been made in eco-friendly gases such as C4F7N. On the other hand, the study of arc plasmas, characterized by high energy flux and rapid transients, has expanded into pulsed discharge regimes, yielding breakthroughs across interdisciplinary fields. Applications, such as LIBS for nuclear and shale oil detection, underwater pulsed discharge for energy conversion, and X-ray flash imaging for transient process diagnostics, have seen early industrial adoption. Future efforts should focus on intelligent arc control, multiphysics simulations, and transient diagnostics under extreme conditions to enable broader use in different fields including advanced power equipment and energies.