中国地表日平均风与日极大风气候特征的对比

Studies have identified a long-term decline in the mean surface wind speed in China under the background of global warming. However, whether the extreme wind speed is consistent with the mean wind speed is worthy of investigation. Through the comparative analysis of the daily mean wind speed data and daily extreme wind speed data from the national basic weather stations for the years 1951 to 2018, the following conclusions are drawn: Nationwide, the daily mean wind speed is mainly concentrated at approximately 2 m·s⁻¹ and the daily extreme wind speed is mainly concentrated at approximately 8 m·s⁻¹; both wind speeds are larger in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and Inner Mongolia. In addition, the daily mean wind speed is more likely to be smaller, whereas the probability distribution of daily extreme wind speed is closer to a normal distribution. From 1960 to 2010, the daily mean wind speed decreased by 19%, while the daily extreme wind speed decreased even more significantly, up to 20%. However, after 2010, with the intensification of global warming, both speeds slightly rebounded; in particular, the daily mean wind speed has increased more significantly. These findings emphasize the importance of continuous attention and research into wind speed changes in the context of global warming, which are extremely helpful in comprehending the characteristics of surface wind speed changes in China, as well as providing a scientific reference for wind speed forecasting and wind energy development projects.