Z箍缩等离子体X射线产生及应用分析

The Z-pinch plasma radiation sources have recently provided the most powerful and energetic laboratory sources of multi-keV photons. The X-ray produced by Z-pinch plasma can be used to study the thermodynamic effect and the system-generated electromagnetic pulse effect, and to study the physical processes such as the conversion of X-ray deposition energy into internal energy and kinetic energy in the material. The impulse coupling mechanism and coupling coefficient of X-ray in different structure composites were obtained, the electromagnetic pulse effect of electronic components was studied experimentally, and the physical problems such as the non-linear interaction between strong pulse electron and electromagnetic field caused by X-ray photoelectric effect and Compton effect were analyzed. The parameters of X-ray for the study of thermodynamic effect of materials and electromagnetic pulse effect of electronic component system are presented, and the typical results of the study of radiation effect using Z-pinch plasma X-ray are introduced. The average energy produced by Z-pinch plasma is 0.21 keV, the average half-width is 36 ns and the average energy flux is 143 J cm^-2 on Qiangguang I accelerator. The measured coupling coefficient of injection impulse is 0.70 Pa s J^-1 cm². When the energy distribution of X-ray is 0.1-1.2 keV, the pulse width is 34-63 ns and the energy flux is 48-156 J cm^-2, the impulse coupling coefficient is 0.44-0.76 Pa s J^-1 cm² in Al material. The parameters such as energy spectrum, yield, irradiated area and uniformity of X-ray produced by Z-pinch load of different materials and structures driven by 30 MA current are given. The total output of characteristic X-ray of ~3 keV is about 607 kJ with an average energy fluence of 103 J cm^-2 at 20 cm and an irradiation area of 300 cm², the uniformity of energy fluence is 90%. In order to obtain harder X-ray, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, W wire array loads can be used to generate ~17, 22, 24, 25, 59.3 keV X-ray using non-thermal X-ray emission mechanism. In order to improve the efficiency of X-ray radiation of Z-pinch plasma, increase the yield of X-ray, some scientific questions that need further study have been put forward. In order to improve the efficiency of power coupling to load, it is necessary to study the mechanism of energy conversion from electromagnetic field to internal explosion kinetic energy in Z-pinch plasma. The causes of the instability of magnetic fluid dynamics and the theory of reducing the instability in internal explosion plasma should be analyzed. In order to improve the stability of Z-pinch plasma, it is important to study the interaction mechanism between thin shell-layer implosion plasma and magnetic field permeating into the wire array, and the influence of thermal spot and mass tugging in the process of implosion. The dynamics of implosion and axial inhomogeneity of radiation output, and the formation mechanism of "zippered" phenomenon and "snow harrow" stability should be studied. The energy conversion mechanism of Z-pinch plasma and the radiation mechanism of producing X-ray should be studied. In order to obtain harder X-rays, high Z atoms are stripped to H-like, He-like states, requiring higher voltages and higher currents to be fed into the load. The theory of producing K-shell X-ray by non-thermal excitation should be explored. In order to obtain more hot electrons, the technique of cathode slot, twisted wire array, plasma circuit breaker mechanism and local non-uniform magnetic field should be explored. The theory of increasing the ratio of K-shell radiation to low energy radiation should be studied by using the theory of local high temperature zone and microdiode. The technique for obtaining hard X-ray from the composite radiation of Z-pinch plasma should be studied.