Vortex–photon–spin tripartite entanglement in a hybrid quantum system

We propose an experimentally feasible scheme for generating genuinely tripartite entanglement in a hybrid quantum system which consists of topologically protected particle-like excitations (magnetic vortices), cavity microwave photons, and solid-state spins (NV centers in diamond). The magnetic vortices and solid-state spins are simultaneously coupled to the microwave cavity photons via magnetic dipole interaction. By introducing a microwave modulation to the collective spins and under appropriate parameter regimes, we find that the steady state of the system is a genuinely tripartite entangled state where vortices, cavity photons, and spins are entangled with each other. The effect of the introduced modulation on the produced entanglement is analyzed, and we also show that the entanglement is robust against dissipation. This work may offer a promising platform for studying macroscopic quantum effects and quantum information processing with the vortex–photon–spin system.