Voltage sensor fault detection, isolation and estimation for lithium-ion battery used in electric vehicles via a simple and practical method

Accurate measurement information, especially precise voltage, is essential for model-based multi-state estimation algorithms of lithium-ion battery. Regarding the shortcomings in existing diagnosis methods, such as the difficulty in threshold value determination, low voltage sensor fault detection efficiency and the assumption of no multiple faults occur simultaneously, a simple and practical voltage sensor fault detection, isolation and estimation method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the widely used algorithm by fusion of recursive least square and extend Kalman filter is adopted to obtain the measurement innovation (MI) between measured and estimated terminal voltage during online state-of-charge estimation process. Subsequently, focusing on the MI generated under faultless and faulty voltage sensors, a simple feature point (FP) identification-based voltage sensor detection and isolation method is further designed. Finally, with the identified FP's y-coordinate, a three-step based voltage sensor fault estimation method is developed to determine the fault mode and the corresponding fault value. Moreover, the proposed voltage sensor fault diagnosis method is verified by Federal Urban Driving Schedule test, whose results demonstrate that it can still realize immediate voltage sensor fault detection (at the moment of sensor fault occurrence) and accurate voltage sensor fault estimation even though there exist certain current sensor fault.