TY - JOUR
T1 - Variations of Personal Exposure to Particulate Nitrated Phenols from Heating Energy Renovation in China
T2 - The First Assessment on Associated Toxicological Impacts with Particle Size Distributions
AU - Feng, Rong
AU - Xu, Hongmei
AU - Gu, Yunxuan
AU - Wang, Zexuan
AU - Han, Bei
AU - Sun, Jian
AU - Liu, Suixin
AU - Lu, Hongwei
AU - Ho, Steven Sai Hang
AU - Shen, Zhenxing
AU - Cao, Junji
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2022/4/5
Y1 - 2022/4/5
N2 - The clean heating renovation has been executed for improving particulate matter (PM) pollution in northern China since 2017. This study determined particle size distributions of nitrated phenols (NPs) in personal exposure samples and their associations with biomarkers in saliva and urine from homemakers in rural households of the Fenwei Plain, China. Remarkable reductions of 28.6-66.3% and 52.2-82.4% on PMs and total quantified NPs, respectively, were found with the substitutions of raw coal chunk and biomass by advanced clean coal. 4-Nitroguaiacol (4NG) showed the largest reductions of 81.2% among individual NP. In addition, the clean coal efficiently reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and 8-hydrox-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the urine and saliva by 12-72%. Furthermore, significant positive correlations between urinary 8-OHdG with most of NPs in all particle sizes, urinary IL-6 with 4NG for particles with Dp > 2.5 μm and Dp = 0.25-1.0 μm and salivary IL-6 with 4-nitrocatechol and 4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol for particles with Dp > 2.5 μm, Dp = 0.5-1.0 μm, and Dp < 0.25 μm were observed but not for salivary 8-OHdG or PMs. The results provide scientific support for the clean energy reformation and demonstrate the strong particle size dependence between NPs and biomarkers.
AB - The clean heating renovation has been executed for improving particulate matter (PM) pollution in northern China since 2017. This study determined particle size distributions of nitrated phenols (NPs) in personal exposure samples and their associations with biomarkers in saliva and urine from homemakers in rural households of the Fenwei Plain, China. Remarkable reductions of 28.6-66.3% and 52.2-82.4% on PMs and total quantified NPs, respectively, were found with the substitutions of raw coal chunk and biomass by advanced clean coal. 4-Nitroguaiacol (4NG) showed the largest reductions of 81.2% among individual NP. In addition, the clean coal efficiently reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and 8-hydrox-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the urine and saliva by 12-72%. Furthermore, significant positive correlations between urinary 8-OHdG with most of NPs in all particle sizes, urinary IL-6 with 4NG for particles with Dp > 2.5 μm and Dp = 0.25-1.0 μm and salivary IL-6 with 4-nitrocatechol and 4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol for particles with Dp > 2.5 μm, Dp = 0.5-1.0 μm, and Dp < 0.25 μm were observed but not for salivary 8-OHdG or PMs. The results provide scientific support for the clean energy reformation and demonstrate the strong particle size dependence between NPs and biomarkers.
KW - clean energy renovations
KW - health effect
KW - nitrated phenols
KW - particle size distributions
KW - reduction rate
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85125597547
U2 - 10.1021/acs.est.1c07950
DO - 10.1021/acs.est.1c07950
M3 - 文章
C2 - 35195986
AN - SCOPUS:85125597547
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 56
SP - 3974
EP - 3983
JO - Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
IS - 7
ER -