Unlocking high-capacity and ultrafast zinc-ion storage in V₂O₃ cathode through phosphorus anion doping

The practical application of vanadium-based cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries is primarily hindered by their limited rate performance and rapid capacity fading. Herein, we report a strategy to overcome these limitations by fabricating phosphorus-substituted V₂O₃ nanofibers within an N-doped carbon matrix (P-V₂O₃@NCNFs) through a combination of electrospinning and thermal phosphorylation. Our findings demonstrate that the incorporation of phosphorus anions effectively tunes the electronic configuration of V₂O₃, which significantly facilitates Zn²⁺ transport and reinforces the structural framework. By virtue of an optimal phosphorus doping level, the P-V₂O₃@NCNFs electrode achieves a high reversible capacity of 494.65 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹, sustains 284.81 mAh g⁻¹ at 1.0 A g⁻¹, and demonstrates long-term cycling stability, highlighting the promise of anion doping as a powerful strategy to develop advanced cathodes for next-generation energy storage.