Two dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of metal targets under irradiation of intense proton beams: Effects of target materials

The hydrodynamic behavior of metal targets when heated by intense proton beams was simulated numerically. The dependence of the achieved warm dense matter state for targets with different materials was investigated by means of a computer code based on two-dimensional fluid models with quantum corrections. Under the irradiation of a proton beam with an energy of 10 MeV, a particle number of 7.9 × 10⁷, and a pulse duration of 10 ps, the numerical simulation results show that the achieved state is significantly influenced by the Winger-Seitz radius r_s of materials.