Tumor lysis syndrome in solid tumors

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) occurs frequently in the chemotherapy of patients with hematologic malignancies; however, it is rarely reported in solid tumors. Because of the latent incidence, TLS is vulnerable to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis, leading to a poor prognosis. TLS is characterized by hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcaemia, with some major complications such as acute renal failure and cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, the key treatment strategies usually refer to appropriate prophylactic measures for high-risk patients, early diagnosis and aggressive therapy. This paper reviews 87 cases of TLS reported in the English literature and discusses it1s incidence, prevention and treatment.