Topology optimization of oilstone components considering carbon emissions associated with honing processes

Incorporating carbon emissions consideration into topology optimization can improve the environmental sustainability of machine tools. However, existing studies on combining topology optimization methods with low-carbon technologies for honing machines are limited. The study aims at minimizing compliance (i.e., the maximum stiffness) while considering the carbon emissions associated with honing processes by changing the shape and distribution of abrasive grains on oilstone components, which are the key parts causing carbon emissions in the use stage of honing machines. Considering the hierarchical characteristics of the problem, a one-to-many Stackelberg cooperative game model is proposed to describe the decision behavior in each level. The model has two subgames, i.e., a dynamic Stackelberg sub-game to obtain a benefit equilibrium between the upper-level compliance optimization problem and the lower-level carbon emissions optimization problem, and a static cooperative sub-game in the lower level to minimize carbon emissions. A bilevel game theoretic solution method is developed to solve the model. A case study is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The results indicate that the proposed method can reduce compliance and carbon emissions of the oilstone component by 39.2% and 29.3% compared with a non-optimized oilstone component.