The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy Onboard the SATech-01 Satellite

Z. X. Ling; X. J. Sun; C. Zhang; S. L. Sun; G. Jin; S. N. Zhang; X. F. Zhang; J. B. Chang; F. S. Chen; Y. F. Chen; Z. W. Cheng; W. Fu; Y. X. Han; H. Li; J. F. Li; Y. Li; Z. D. Li; P. R. Liu; Y. H. Lv; X. H. Ma; Y. J. Tang; C. B. Wang; R. J. Xie; Y. L. Xue; A. L. Yan; Q. Zhang; C. Y. Bao; H. B. Cai; H. Q. Cheng; C. Z. Cui; Y. F. Dai; D. W. Fan; H. B. Hu; J. W. Hu; M. H. Huang; Z. Q. Jia; C. C. Jin; D. Y. Li; J. Q. Li; H. Y. Liu; M. J. Liu; Y. Liu; H. W. Pan; Y. L. Qiu; M. Sugizaki; H. Sun; W. X. Wang; Y. L. Wang; Q. Y. Wu; X. P. Xu; Y. F. Xu; H. N. Yang; X. Yang; B. Zhang; M. Zhang; W. D. Zhang; Z. Zhang; D. H. Zhao; X. Q. Cong; B. W. Jiang; L. H. Li; X. B. Qiu; J. N. Sun; D. T. Su; J. Wang; C. Wu; Z. Xu; X. M. Yang; S. K. Zhang; Z. Zhang; N. Zhang; Y. F. Zhu; H. Y. Ban; X. Z. Bi; Z. M. Cai; W. Chen; X. Chen; Y. H. Chen; Y. Cui; X. L. Duan; Z. G. Feng; Y. Gao; J. W. He; T. He; J. J. Huang; F. Li; J. S. Li; T. J. Li; T. T. Li; H. Q. Liu; L. Liu; R. Liu; S. Liu; N. Meng; Q. Shi; A. T. Sun; Y. M. Wang; Y. B. Wang; H. C. Wu; D. X. Xu; Y. Q. Yang; Y. Yang; X. S. Yu; K. X. Zhang; Y. L. Zhang; Y. H. Zhang; Y. T. Zhang; H. Zhou; X. C. Zhu; J. S. Cheng; L. Qin; L. Wang; Q. L. Wang; M. Bai; R. L. Gao; Z. Ji; Y. R. Liu; F. L. Ma; Y. J. Shi; J. Su; Y. Y. Tan; J. Z. Tong; H. T. Xu; C. B. Xue; G. F. Xue; W. Yuan

doi:10.1088/1674-4527/acd593

The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy Onboard the SATech-01 Satellite

Z. X. Ling
, X. J. Sun
, C. Zhang
, S. L. Sun
, G. Jin
, S. N. Zhang
, X. F. Zhang
, J. B. Chang
, F. S. Chen
, Y. F. Chen
, Z. W. Cheng
, W. Fu
, Y. X. Han
, H. Li
, J. F. Li
, Y. Li
, Z. D. Li
, P. R. Liu
, Y. H. Lv
, X. H. Ma

Y. J. Tang, C. B. Wang, R. J. Xie, Y. L. Xue, A. L. Yan, Q. Zhang, C. Y. Bao, H. B. Cai, H. Q. Cheng, C. Z. Cui, Y. F. Dai, D. W. Fan, H. B. Hu, J. W. Hu, M. H. Huang, Z. Q. Jia, C. C. Jin, D. Y. Li, J. Q. Li, H. Y. Liu, M. J. Liu, Y. Liu, H. W. Pan, Y. L. Qiu, M. Sugizaki, H. Sun, W. X. Wang, Y. L. Wang, Q. Y. Wu, X. P. Xu, Y. F. Xu, H. N. Yang, X. Yang, B. Zhang, M. Zhang, W. D. Zhang, Z. Zhang, D. H. Zhao, X. Q. Cong, B. W. Jiang, L. H. Li, X. B. Qiu, J. N. Sun, D. T. Su, J. Wang, C. Wu, Z. Xu, X. M. Yang, S. K. Zhang, Z. Zhang, N. Zhang, Y. F. Zhu, H. Y. Ban, X. Z. Bi, Z. M. Cai, W. Chen, X. Chen, Y. H. Chen, Y. Cui, X. L. Duan, Z. G. Feng, Y. Gao, J. W. He, T. He, J. J. Huang, F. Li, J. S. Li, T. J. Li, T. T. Li, H. Q. Liu, L. Liu, R. Liu, S. Liu, N. Meng, Q. Shi, A. T. Sun, Y. M. Wang, Y. B. Wang, H. C. Wu, D. X. Xu, Y. Q. Yang, Y. Yang, X. S. Yu, K. X. Zhang, Y. L. Zhang, Y. H. Zhang, Y. T. Zhang, H. Zhou, X. C. Zhu, J. S. Cheng, L. Qin, L. Wang, Q. L. Wang, M. Bai, R. L. Gao, Z. Ji, Y. R. Liu, F. L. Ma, Y. J. Shi, J. Su, Y. Y. Tan, J. Z. Tong, H. T. Xu, C. B. Xue, G. F. Xue, W. Yuan

School of Electrical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

23 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA), a pathfinder of the Wide-field X-ray Telescope of the Einstein Probe mission, was successfully launched onboard the SATech-01 satellite of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on 2022 July 27. In this paper, we introduce the design and on-ground test results of the LEIA instrument. Using state-of-the-art Micro-Pore Optics (MPO), a wide field of view of 346 square degrees (18.°6 × 18.°6) of the X-ray imager is realized. An optical assembly composed of 36 MPO chips is used to focus incident X-ray photons, and four large-format complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors, each of size 6 cm × 6 cm, are used as the focal plane detectors. The instrument has an angular resolution of 4′-8′ (in terms of FWHM) for the central focal spot of the point-spread function, and an effective area of 2-3 cm² at 1 keV in essentially all the directions within the field of view. The detection passband is 0.5-4 keV in soft X-rays and the sensitivity is 2-3 × 10⁻¹¹ erg s⁻¹ cm⁻² (about 1 milliCrab) with a 1000 s observation. The total weight of LEIA is 56 kg and the power is 85 W. The satellite, with a design lifetime of 2 yr, operates in a Sun-synchronous orbit of 500 km with an orbital period of 95 minutes. LEIA is paving the way for future missions by verifying in flight the technologies of both novel focusing imaging optics and CMOS sensors for X-ray observation, and by optimizing the working setups of the instrumental parameters. In addition, LEIA is able to carry out scientific observations to find new transients and to monitor known sources in the soft X-ray band, albeit with limited useful observing time available.

Original language	English
Article number	095007
Journal	Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume	23
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/acd593
State	Published - Sep 2023

Keywords

instrumentation: detectors
space vehicles: instruments
telescopes
X-rays: general

Access to Document

10.1088/1674-4527/acd593

Cite this

Ling, Z. X., Sun, X. J., Zhang, C., Sun, S. L., Jin, G., Zhang, S. N., Zhang, X. F., Chang, J. B., Chen, F. S., Chen, Y. F., Cheng, Z. W., Fu, W., Han, Y. X., Li, H., Li, J. F., Li, Y., Li, Z. D., Liu, P. R., Lv, Y. H., ... Yuan, W. (2023). The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy Onboard the SATech-01 Satellite. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 23(9), Article 095007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/acd593

@article{04d03a47281341228e256a4a00f62ce1,

title = "The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy Onboard the SATech-01 Satellite",

abstract = "The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA), a pathfinder of the Wide-field X-ray Telescope of the Einstein Probe mission, was successfully launched onboard the SATech-01 satellite of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on 2022 July 27. In this paper, we introduce the design and on-ground test results of the LEIA instrument. Using state-of-the-art Micro-Pore Optics (MPO), a wide field of view of 346 square degrees (18.°6 × 18.°6) of the X-ray imager is realized. An optical assembly composed of 36 MPO chips is used to focus incident X-ray photons, and four large-format complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors, each of size 6 cm × 6 cm, are used as the focal plane detectors. The instrument has an angular resolution of 4′-8′ (in terms of FWHM) for the central focal spot of the point-spread function, and an effective area of 2-3 cm2 at 1 keV in essentially all the directions within the field of view. The detection passband is 0.5-4 keV in soft X-rays and the sensitivity is 2-3 × 10−11 erg s−1 cm−2 (about 1 milliCrab) with a 1000 s observation. The total weight of LEIA is 56 kg and the power is 85 W. The satellite, with a design lifetime of 2 yr, operates in a Sun-synchronous orbit of 500 km with an orbital period of 95 minutes. LEIA is paving the way for future missions by verifying in flight the technologies of both novel focusing imaging optics and CMOS sensors for X-ray observation, and by optimizing the working setups of the instrumental parameters. In addition, LEIA is able to carry out scientific observations to find new transients and to monitor known sources in the soft X-ray band, albeit with limited useful observing time available.",

keywords = "instrumentation: detectors, space vehicles: instruments, telescopes, X-rays: general",

author = "Ling, \{Z. X.\} and Sun, \{X. J.\} and C. Zhang and Sun, \{S. L.\} and G. Jin and Zhang, \{S. N.\} and Zhang, \{X. F.\} and Chang, \{J. B.\} and Chen, \{F. S.\} and Chen, \{Y. F.\} and Cheng, \{Z. W.\} and W. Fu and Han, \{Y. X.\} and H. Li and Li, \{J. F.\} and Y. Li and Li, \{Z. D.\} and Liu, \{P. R.\} and Lv, \{Y. H.\} and Ma, \{X. H.\} and Tang, \{Y. J.\} and Wang, \{C. B.\} and Xie, \{R. J.\} and Xue, \{Y. L.\} and Yan, \{A. L.\} and Q. Zhang and Bao, \{C. Y.\} and Cai, \{H. B.\} and Cheng, \{H. Q.\} and Cui, \{C. Z.\} and Dai, \{Y. F.\} and Fan, \{D. W.\} and Hu, \{H. B.\} and Hu, \{J. W.\} and Huang, \{M. H.\} and Jia, \{Z. Q.\} and Jin, \{C. C.\} and Li, \{D. Y.\} and Li, \{J. Q.\} and Liu, \{H. Y.\} and Liu, \{M. J.\} and Y. Liu and Pan, \{H. W.\} and Qiu, \{Y. L.\} and M. Sugizaki and H. Sun and Wang, \{W. X.\} and Wang, \{Y. L.\} and Wu, \{Q. Y.\} and Xu, \{X. P.\} and Xu, \{Y. F.\} and Yang, \{H. N.\} and X. Yang and B. Zhang and M. Zhang and Zhang, \{W. D.\} and Z. Zhang and Zhao, \{D. H.\} and Cong, \{X. Q.\} and Jiang, \{B. W.\} and Li, \{L. H.\} and Qiu, \{X. B.\} and Sun, \{J. N.\} and Su, \{D. T.\} and J. Wang and C. Wu and Z. Xu and Yang, \{X. M.\} and Zhang, \{S. K.\} and Z. Zhang and N. Zhang and Zhu, \{Y. F.\} and Ban, \{H. Y.\} and Bi, \{X. Z.\} and Cai, \{Z. M.\} and W. Chen and X. Chen and Chen, \{Y. H.\} and Y. Cui and Duan, \{X. L.\} and Feng, \{Z. G.\} and Y. Gao and He, \{J. W.\} and T. He and Huang, \{J. J.\} and F. Li and Li, \{J. S.\} and Li, \{T. J.\} and Li, \{T. T.\} and Liu, \{H. Q.\} and L. Liu and R. Liu and S. Liu and N. Meng and Q. Shi and Sun, \{A. T.\} and Wang, \{Y. M.\} and Wang, \{Y. B.\} and Wu, \{H. C.\} and Xu, \{D. X.\} and Yang, \{Y. Q.\} and Y. Yang and Yu, \{X. S.\} and Zhang, \{K. X.\} and Zhang, \{Y. L.\} and Zhang, \{Y. H.\} and Zhang, \{Y. T.\} and H. Zhou and Zhu, \{X. C.\} and Cheng, \{J. S.\} and L. Qin and L. Wang and Wang, \{Q. L.\} and M. Bai and Gao, \{R. L.\} and Z. Ji and Liu, \{Y. R.\} and Ma, \{F. L.\} and Shi, \{Y. J.\} and J. Su and Tan, \{Y. Y.\} and Tong, \{J. Z.\} and Xu, \{H. T.\} and Xue, \{C. B.\} and Xue, \{G. F.\} and W. Yuan",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023. National Astronomical Observatories, CAS and IOP Publishing Ltd.",

year = "2023",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1088/1674-4527/acd593",

language = "英语",

volume = "23",

journal = "Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics",

issn = "1674-4527",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "9",

}

Ling, ZX, Sun, XJ, Zhang, C, Sun, SL, Jin, G, Zhang, SN, Zhang, XF, Chang, JB, Chen, FS, Chen, YF, Cheng, ZW, Fu, W, Han, YX, Li, H, Li, JF, Li, Y, Li, ZD, Liu, PR, Lv, YH, Ma, XH, Tang, YJ, Wang, CB, Xie, RJ, Xue, YL, Yan, AL, Zhang, Q, Bao, CY, Cai, HB, Cheng, HQ, Cui, CZ, Dai, YF, Fan, DW, Hu, HB, Hu, JW, Huang, MH, Jia, ZQ, Jin, CC, Li, DY, Li, JQ, Liu, HY, Liu, MJ, Liu, Y, Pan, HW, Qiu, YL, Sugizaki, M, Sun, H, Wang, WX, Wang, YL, Wu, QY, Xu, XP, Xu, YF, Yang, HN, Yang, X, Zhang, B, Zhang, M, Zhang, WD, Zhang, Z, Zhao, DH, Cong, XQ, Jiang, BW, Li, LH, Qiu, XB, Sun, JN, Su, DT, Wang, J, Wu, C, Xu, Z, Yang, XM, Zhang, SK, Zhang, Z, Zhang, N, Zhu, YF, Ban, HY, Bi, XZ, Cai, ZM, Chen, W, Chen, X, Chen, YH, Cui, Y, Duan, XL, Feng, ZG, Gao, Y, He, JW, He, T, Huang, JJ, Li, F, Li, JS, Li, TJ, Li, TT, Liu, HQ, Liu, L, Liu, R, Liu, S, Meng, N, Shi, Q, Sun, AT, Wang, YM, Wang, YB, Wu, HC, Xu, DX, Yang, YQ, Yang, Y, Yu, XS, Zhang, KX, Zhang, YL, Zhang, YH, Zhang, YT, Zhou, H, Zhu, XC, Cheng, JS, Qin, L, Wang, L, Wang, QL, Bai, M, Gao, RL, Ji, Z, Liu, YR, Ma, FL, Shi, YJ, Su, J, Tan, YY, Tong, JZ, Xu, HT, Xue, CB, Xue, GF & Yuan, W 2023, 'The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy Onboard the SATech-01 Satellite', Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 23, no. 9, 095007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/acd593

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy Onboard the SATech-01 Satellite

AU - Ling, Z. X.

AU - Sun, X. J.

AU - Zhang, C.

AU - Sun, S. L.

AU - Jin, G.

AU - Zhang, S. N.

AU - Zhang, X. F.

AU - Chang, J. B.

AU - Chen, F. S.

AU - Chen, Y. F.

AU - Cheng, Z. W.

AU - Fu, W.

AU - Han, Y. X.

AU - Li, H.

AU - Li, J. F.

AU - Li, Y.

AU - Li, Z. D.

AU - Liu, P. R.

AU - Lv, Y. H.

AU - Ma, X. H.

AU - Tang, Y. J.

AU - Wang, C. B.

AU - Xie, R. J.

AU - Xue, Y. L.

AU - Yan, A. L.

AU - Zhang, Q.

AU - Bao, C. Y.

AU - Cai, H. B.

AU - Cheng, H. Q.

AU - Cui, C. Z.

AU - Dai, Y. F.

AU - Fan, D. W.

AU - Hu, H. B.

AU - Hu, J. W.

AU - Huang, M. H.

AU - Jia, Z. Q.

AU - Jin, C. C.

AU - Li, D. Y.

AU - Li, J. Q.

AU - Liu, H. Y.

AU - Liu, M. J.

AU - Liu, Y.

AU - Pan, H. W.

AU - Qiu, Y. L.

AU - Sugizaki, M.

AU - Sun, H.

AU - Wang, W. X.

AU - Wang, Y. L.

AU - Wu, Q. Y.

AU - Xu, X. P.

AU - Xu, Y. F.

AU - Yang, H. N.

AU - Yang, X.

AU - Zhang, B.

AU - Zhang, M.

AU - Zhang, W. D.

AU - Zhang, Z.

AU - Zhao, D. H.

AU - Cong, X. Q.

AU - Jiang, B. W.

AU - Li, L. H.

AU - Qiu, X. B.

AU - Sun, J. N.

AU - Su, D. T.

AU - Wang, J.

AU - Wu, C.

AU - Xu, Z.

AU - Yang, X. M.

AU - Zhang, S. K.

AU - Zhang, Z.

AU - Zhang, N.

AU - Zhu, Y. F.

AU - Ban, H. Y.

AU - Bi, X. Z.

AU - Cai, Z. M.

AU - Chen, W.

AU - Chen, X.

AU - Chen, Y. H.

AU - Cui, Y.

AU - Duan, X. L.

AU - Feng, Z. G.

AU - Gao, Y.

AU - He, J. W.

AU - He, T.

AU - Huang, J. J.

AU - Li, F.

AU - Li, J. S.

AU - Li, T. J.

AU - Li, T. T.

AU - Liu, H. Q.

AU - Liu, L.

AU - Liu, R.

AU - Liu, S.

AU - Meng, N.

AU - Shi, Q.

AU - Sun, A. T.

AU - Wang, Y. M.

AU - Wang, Y. B.

AU - Wu, H. C.

AU - Xu, D. X.

AU - Yang, Y. Q.

AU - Yang, Y.

AU - Yu, X. S.

AU - Zhang, K. X.

AU - Zhang, Y. L.

AU - Zhang, Y. H.

AU - Zhang, Y. T.

AU - Zhou, H.

AU - Zhu, X. C.

AU - Cheng, J. S.

AU - Qin, L.

AU - Wang, L.

AU - Wang, Q. L.

AU - Bai, M.

AU - Gao, R. L.

AU - Ji, Z.

AU - Liu, Y. R.

AU - Ma, F. L.

AU - Shi, Y. J.

AU - Su, J.

AU - Tan, Y. Y.

AU - Tong, J. Z.

AU - Xu, H. T.

AU - Xue, C. B.

AU - Xue, G. F.

AU - Yuan, W.

PY - 2023/9

Y1 - 2023/9

N2 - The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA), a pathfinder of the Wide-field X-ray Telescope of the Einstein Probe mission, was successfully launched onboard the SATech-01 satellite of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on 2022 July 27. In this paper, we introduce the design and on-ground test results of the LEIA instrument. Using state-of-the-art Micro-Pore Optics (MPO), a wide field of view of 346 square degrees (18.°6 × 18.°6) of the X-ray imager is realized. An optical assembly composed of 36 MPO chips is used to focus incident X-ray photons, and four large-format complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors, each of size 6 cm × 6 cm, are used as the focal plane detectors. The instrument has an angular resolution of 4′-8′ (in terms of FWHM) for the central focal spot of the point-spread function, and an effective area of 2-3 cm2 at 1 keV in essentially all the directions within the field of view. The detection passband is 0.5-4 keV in soft X-rays and the sensitivity is 2-3 × 10−11 erg s−1 cm−2 (about 1 milliCrab) with a 1000 s observation. The total weight of LEIA is 56 kg and the power is 85 W. The satellite, with a design lifetime of 2 yr, operates in a Sun-synchronous orbit of 500 km with an orbital period of 95 minutes. LEIA is paving the way for future missions by verifying in flight the technologies of both novel focusing imaging optics and CMOS sensors for X-ray observation, and by optimizing the working setups of the instrumental parameters. In addition, LEIA is able to carry out scientific observations to find new transients and to monitor known sources in the soft X-ray band, albeit with limited useful observing time available.

AB - The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA), a pathfinder of the Wide-field X-ray Telescope of the Einstein Probe mission, was successfully launched onboard the SATech-01 satellite of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on 2022 July 27. In this paper, we introduce the design and on-ground test results of the LEIA instrument. Using state-of-the-art Micro-Pore Optics (MPO), a wide field of view of 346 square degrees (18.°6 × 18.°6) of the X-ray imager is realized. An optical assembly composed of 36 MPO chips is used to focus incident X-ray photons, and four large-format complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors, each of size 6 cm × 6 cm, are used as the focal plane detectors. The instrument has an angular resolution of 4′-8′ (in terms of FWHM) for the central focal spot of the point-spread function, and an effective area of 2-3 cm2 at 1 keV in essentially all the directions within the field of view. The detection passband is 0.5-4 keV in soft X-rays and the sensitivity is 2-3 × 10−11 erg s−1 cm−2 (about 1 milliCrab) with a 1000 s observation. The total weight of LEIA is 56 kg and the power is 85 W. The satellite, with a design lifetime of 2 yr, operates in a Sun-synchronous orbit of 500 km with an orbital period of 95 minutes. LEIA is paving the way for future missions by verifying in flight the technologies of both novel focusing imaging optics and CMOS sensors for X-ray observation, and by optimizing the working setups of the instrumental parameters. In addition, LEIA is able to carry out scientific observations to find new transients and to monitor known sources in the soft X-ray band, albeit with limited useful observing time available.

KW - instrumentation: detectors

KW - space vehicles: instruments

KW - telescopes

KW - X-rays: general

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85166195523

U2 - 10.1088/1674-4527/acd593

DO - 10.1088/1674-4527/acd593

M3 - 文章

AN - SCOPUS:85166195523

SN - 1674-4527

VL - 23

JO - Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics

JF - Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics

IS - 9

M1 - 095007

ER -

The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy Onboard the SATech-01 Satellite

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