The Association between Plant-Based Diet Indices and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults: Longitudinal Analyses from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Yating Huo; Suixia Cao; Jingchun Liu; Binyan Zhang; Kun Xu; Yutong Wang; Huimeng Liu; Peiying Yang; Lingxia Zeng; Hong Yan; Shaonong Dang; Baibing Mi

doi:10.3390/nu15061341

The Association between Plant-Based Diet Indices and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults: Longitudinal Analyses from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Yating Huo
, Suixia Cao
, Jingchun Liu
, Binyan Zhang
, Kun Xu
, Yutong Wang
, Huimeng Liu
, Peiying Yang
, Lingxia Zeng
, Hong Yan
, Shaonong Dang
, Baibing Mi

Health Science Center

Xi'an Jiaotong University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

19 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the association between a plant-based diet and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Chinese adults. Methods: Based on the data from the 2004–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey and the corresponding edition of China Food Composition, we calculated the healthy plant-based diet indices (hPDI) and unhealthy plant-based diet indices (uPDI). The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MetS. Mediation analysis was further conducted to explore the mediator role of Body Mass Index (BMI) in the association between hPDI and MetS. Results: We included 10,013 participants, and over a median follow-up of 5 years, 961 patients (9.60%) developed MetS. Compared to those in the lowest quintile of hPDI score, we found that those in the highest quintile of hPDI score had a 28% lower ([HR]: 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.93, P_trend = 0.021) risk of developing MetS and had a 20% lower (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.80, 95% CI 0.70–0.92, P_trend = 0.004) risk of developing abdominal obesity. No significant associations were observed between uPDI and the MetS, but those in the highest quintile of uPDI score had a 36% higher (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.36, 95% CI 1.20–1.64, P_trend < 0.001) risk of developing abdominal obesity, compared to those in the lowest quintile of uPDI score. In exploratory analysis, we observed that BMI at baseline mediated 27.8% of the association between hPDI and incident MetS, and BMI at baseline mediated 29.7% of the association between hPDI and abdominal obesity. Conclusion: The current findings reveal a possible causal relationship between a healthy plant-based diet and a reduced risk of MetS, especially abdominal obesity. It is observed that BMI may mediate the relationship between hPDI score and MetS. Controlling early dietary patterns and BMI may help reduce the risk of MetS.

Original language	English
Article number	1341
Journal	Nutrients
Volume	15
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061341
State	Published - Mar 2023

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

BMI
abdominal obesity
metabolic syndrome
plant-based diets

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10.3390/nu15061341

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@article{d13e02e1f85840349b3ce0f33e61f08e,

title = "The Association between Plant-Based Diet Indices and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults: Longitudinal Analyses from the China Health and Nutrition Survey",

abstract = "Objectives: To investigate the association between a plant-based diet and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Chinese adults. Methods: Based on the data from the 2004{\textendash}2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey and the corresponding edition of China Food Composition, we calculated the healthy plant-based diet indices (hPDI) and unhealthy plant-based diet indices (uPDI). The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95\% confidence intervals (CIs) for MetS. Mediation analysis was further conducted to explore the mediator role of Body Mass Index (BMI) in the association between hPDI and MetS. Results: We included 10,013 participants, and over a median follow-up of 5 years, 961 patients (9.60\%) developed MetS. Compared to those in the lowest quintile of hPDI score, we found that those in the highest quintile of hPDI score had a 28\% lower ([HR]: 0.72, 95\% CI 0.56{\textendash}0.93, Ptrend = 0.021) risk of developing MetS and had a 20\% lower (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.80, 95\% CI 0.70{\textendash}0.92, Ptrend = 0.004) risk of developing abdominal obesity. No significant associations were observed between uPDI and the MetS, but those in the highest quintile of uPDI score had a 36\% higher (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.36, 95\% CI 1.20{\textendash}1.64, Ptrend < 0.001) risk of developing abdominal obesity, compared to those in the lowest quintile of uPDI score. In exploratory analysis, we observed that BMI at baseline mediated 27.8\% of the association between hPDI and incident MetS, and BMI at baseline mediated 29.7\% of the association between hPDI and abdominal obesity. Conclusion: The current findings reveal a possible causal relationship between a healthy plant-based diet and a reduced risk of MetS, especially abdominal obesity. It is observed that BMI may mediate the relationship between hPDI score and MetS. Controlling early dietary patterns and BMI may help reduce the risk of MetS.",

keywords = "BMI, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, plant-based diets",

author = "Yating Huo and Suixia Cao and Jingchun Liu and Binyan Zhang and Kun Xu and Yutong Wang and Huimeng Liu and Peiying Yang and Lingxia Zeng and Hong Yan and Shaonong Dang and Baibing Mi",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 by the authors.",

year = "2023",

month = mar,

doi = "10.3390/nu15061341",

language = "英语",

volume = "15",

journal = "Nutrients",

issn = "2072-6643",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

number = "6",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Association between Plant-Based Diet Indices and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults

T2 - Longitudinal Analyses from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

AU - Huo, Yating

AU - Cao, Suixia

AU - Liu, Jingchun

AU - Zhang, Binyan

AU - Xu, Kun

AU - Wang, Yutong

AU - Liu, Huimeng

AU - Yang, Peiying

AU - Zeng, Lingxia

AU - Yan, Hong

AU - Dang, Shaonong

AU - Mi, Baibing

PY - 2023/3

Y1 - 2023/3

N2 - Objectives: To investigate the association between a plant-based diet and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Chinese adults. Methods: Based on the data from the 2004–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey and the corresponding edition of China Food Composition, we calculated the healthy plant-based diet indices (hPDI) and unhealthy plant-based diet indices (uPDI). The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MetS. Mediation analysis was further conducted to explore the mediator role of Body Mass Index (BMI) in the association between hPDI and MetS. Results: We included 10,013 participants, and over a median follow-up of 5 years, 961 patients (9.60%) developed MetS. Compared to those in the lowest quintile of hPDI score, we found that those in the highest quintile of hPDI score had a 28% lower ([HR]: 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.93, Ptrend = 0.021) risk of developing MetS and had a 20% lower (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.80, 95% CI 0.70–0.92, Ptrend = 0.004) risk of developing abdominal obesity. No significant associations were observed between uPDI and the MetS, but those in the highest quintile of uPDI score had a 36% higher (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.36, 95% CI 1.20–1.64, Ptrend < 0.001) risk of developing abdominal obesity, compared to those in the lowest quintile of uPDI score. In exploratory analysis, we observed that BMI at baseline mediated 27.8% of the association between hPDI and incident MetS, and BMI at baseline mediated 29.7% of the association between hPDI and abdominal obesity. Conclusion: The current findings reveal a possible causal relationship between a healthy plant-based diet and a reduced risk of MetS, especially abdominal obesity. It is observed that BMI may mediate the relationship between hPDI score and MetS. Controlling early dietary patterns and BMI may help reduce the risk of MetS.

AB - Objectives: To investigate the association between a plant-based diet and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Chinese adults. Methods: Based on the data from the 2004–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey and the corresponding edition of China Food Composition, we calculated the healthy plant-based diet indices (hPDI) and unhealthy plant-based diet indices (uPDI). The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MetS. Mediation analysis was further conducted to explore the mediator role of Body Mass Index (BMI) in the association between hPDI and MetS. Results: We included 10,013 participants, and over a median follow-up of 5 years, 961 patients (9.60%) developed MetS. Compared to those in the lowest quintile of hPDI score, we found that those in the highest quintile of hPDI score had a 28% lower ([HR]: 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.93, Ptrend = 0.021) risk of developing MetS and had a 20% lower (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.80, 95% CI 0.70–0.92, Ptrend = 0.004) risk of developing abdominal obesity. No significant associations were observed between uPDI and the MetS, but those in the highest quintile of uPDI score had a 36% higher (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.36, 95% CI 1.20–1.64, Ptrend < 0.001) risk of developing abdominal obesity, compared to those in the lowest quintile of uPDI score. In exploratory analysis, we observed that BMI at baseline mediated 27.8% of the association between hPDI and incident MetS, and BMI at baseline mediated 29.7% of the association between hPDI and abdominal obesity. Conclusion: The current findings reveal a possible causal relationship between a healthy plant-based diet and a reduced risk of MetS, especially abdominal obesity. It is observed that BMI may mediate the relationship between hPDI score and MetS. Controlling early dietary patterns and BMI may help reduce the risk of MetS.

KW - BMI

KW - abdominal obesity

KW - metabolic syndrome

KW - plant-based diets

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85151107100

U2 - 10.3390/nu15061341

DO - 10.3390/nu15061341

M3 - 文章

C2 - 36986071

AN - SCOPUS:85151107100

SN - 2072-6643

VL - 15

JO - Nutrients

JF - Nutrients

IS - 6

M1 - 1341

ER -

The Association between Plant-Based Diet Indices and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults: Longitudinal Analyses from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

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Keywords

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