The Asian summer monsoon evolution from the late Younger Dryas to the early Holocene

The Younger Dryas (YD) event marked the end of the last deglaciation and preceded the warm Holocene, but its termination has received less attention than its onset. Here, we provided a decadal-resolution stalagmite δ¹⁸O record from Tiechang Cave in southwestern China, covering a period from 12.0 to 9.8 ka BP. Along with other high-resolution records from the northern hemisphere, we intend to understand the detailed changes at the end of the YD and the Early Holocene. After the rapid YD termination, the Asian monsoon intensifies gradually during the Early Holocene, similar to the gradual ocean circulation recovery, sea surface temperature warming in the North Atlantic and the Indian Ocean, and the northward movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which was possibly modulated by the ice sheet recession and increasing insolation following the major deglaciation process. Detection of changepoints in geological records shows that Greenland warming is nearly consistent with intensification in the low-latitude atmospheric circulations in the northern hemisphere, but might be slightly later than the sea ice decrease and changes in ocean circulations in the Atlantic Ocean.