Temperature dependence of switching fields in Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O₃

Temperature dependence of the switching electric fields which induced antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transitions in Pb0.99 Nb0.02 [(Zr1-x Snx)1-y Tiy]0.98 O3 were investigated. As temperature rose, the backward switching field EA increased and the forward switching field EF kept constant for 30/7.0/2; conversely, EA did not change and EF reduced for 20/4.4/2; both of EA and EF rapidly increased for 10/3.0/2. Studies showed that the variations of the switching electric fields with temperature were primarily determined on the x component.