Synthesis and assembly strategy of electroactive biomaterials and systems for soft tissue engineering applications

Soft tissue injuries are a common issue affecting human health, and the extent and duration of injuries often constrain the healing process. Electroactive biomaterials have become a key medium for tissue regeneration by modulating cellular behavior, but a systematic evaluation of their potential and challenges is still limited. This review comprehensively explores electroactive biomaterials, focusing on their chemical synthesis, assembly processes, application potential, challenges faced, and future directions. First, this work elaborates on the unique and innovative features of electroactive biomaterials’ chemical synthesis and preparation techniques. Subsequently, the principles of electroactive devices and their interactions with biological tissues are described to optimize tissue repair. Finally, the application prospects of electrical stimulation technology in soft tissue engineering are explored, emphasizing its role in cell and tissue regeneration and its clinical potential. In conclusion, this review provides theoretical and practical insights into the development and application of electroactive biomaterials.