Synergistic integration of green hydrogen in renewable power systems: A comprehensive review of key technologies, research landscape, and future perspectives

The energy sector is responsible for around two-thirds of greenhouse gas emissions, facing an imperative transition to mitigate climate change and achieve carbon neutrality. Hydrogen energy, particularly green hydrogen produced via water electrolysis using solar and wind power, has emerged as a promising solution for accelerating the transition to clean and sustainable energy systems while enhancing the reliability and flexibility of renewable power systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the most recent developments in integrating green hydrogen into renewable power systems. The paper first reviews the key technologies across the green hydrogen supply chain, covering production, storage, transportation, and utilization. Corresponding global hydrogen roadmaps and national policies are also summarized. Then, a holistic literature review highlights the latest research landscape on the physical modeling, optimal planning and scheduling, operational control, and market trading of integrated electricity and hydrogen systems. Finally, future perspectives and research trends are outlined.