Surface Engineering of Lipid Vesicles Based on DNA Nanotechnology

Lipid vesicle research is of great significance in the field of biomedicine and great progress has been made in recent years, in which the surface engineering on lipid membranes plays an important role. By introducing new active sites on membrane surface, the physicochemical properties of vesicles are regulated and the biological functions are extended. DNA nanotechnology is an excellent tool for surface engineering of vesicles and has attracted more and more attention. In this Review, the interaction between DNA and lipid membrane is presented. Subsequently, recent advances in the applications of vesicle-surface-engineering based on DNA nanotechnology are highlighted. DNA nanostructures are used to mimic membrane proteins in the system of artificial liposome vesicles. Surface-engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) based on DNA nanotechnology are applied to achieve non-invasive early screening of diseases with high sensitivity and precision. Finally, challenges and prospects for future development in this field are discussed.