Supply-Demand Balance Optimization Considering Grid-side Energy Storage Station Operation Modes Based on Sequential Production Simulation

The proportion of renewable energy integrated into power systems is continuously increasing on the generation side. The uncertainty and variability in its generation output can potentially cause supply-demand imbalances, leading to power shortages or curtailment of renewable energy at certain times. Grid-side energy storage stations (GESSs) can mitigate generation fluctuations, and provide regulation capacities during supply-demand mismatches, playing a critical role in the supply-demand balance of the system. This paper proposes a supply-demand balance optimization model considering GESS operation modes. The charging/discharging power of GESSs is modeled using discrete power levels, and constraints are introduced to ensure the operational profitability of GESSs. This model can simulate single-cycle or double-cycle operation modes of GESSs under the peak-valley pricing policy, providing balance solutions that reflect the actual system operating environment. Finally, the proposed model is verified on an inter-provincial case system, demonstrating the model's analytical capabilities and simulation effectiveness using real data.