Superior thermal-charging supercapacitors with bio-inspired electrodes of ultra-high surface areas

High-performance thermally chargeable supercapacitors (TCS) greatly depend on the design of electrode materials. The unique features of succulents of absorbing water for sustaining their lives during long severe droughts imply that there exist vast spaces inside these plants, which inspires us of fabricating biomass-based electrodes by means of such succulents to develop highly efficient TCS. The optimized porous carbon prepared from succulents presents a high specific surface area of up to 3188 m² g⁻¹, resulting in the superior capability of accommodating a vast amount of ions and promising thermal charging performance. The TCS with this carbon electrode can generate an open-circuit voltage of 565 mV under a temperature difference of 50°C with a temperature coefficient as high as 11.1 mV K⁻¹. This article provides a new method for the preparation of porous carbon from biomass for the TCS system.