Supercapacitor-Based Coordinated Grid-Forming Control Strategy for the HVDC System Integrating Offshore Wind Farms

Bobo Zhang; Jinyu Wang; Haoran Wang; Zhengtong Yang

doi:10.1109/CIEEC69682.2026.11572049

Supercapacitor-Based Coordinated Grid-Forming Control Strategy for the HVDC System Integrating Offshore Wind Farms

Bobo Zhang
, Jinyu Wang
, Haoran Wang
, Zhengtong Yang

School of Electrical Engineering

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

Existing grid-forming high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system integrating offshore wind farms (OWFs) often provide very limited inertia support effect on the receiving-end grid due to the lack of stable energy sources. To address this issue, this paper proposes a scheme integrating a DC direct-mounted supercapacitor energy storage device (DCDM-SESD) into the HVDC system. A coordinated grid-forming control strategy is developed for the receiving-end modular multilevel converter (REMMC), which simultaneously achieves grid synchronization and active inertia support. Cooperative parameter design principles for the internal energy synchronization (ICES) loop and the supercapacitor energy control (SCEC) loop are established to ensure stable interaction between synchronization dynamics and energy regulation. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy in enhancing inertia support capability.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages	3145-3151
Number of pages	7
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331549558
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/CIEEC69682.2026.11572049
State	Published - 2026
Externally published	Yes
Event	9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026 - Tianjin, China Duration: 15 May 2026 → 17 May 2026

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026

Conference

Conference	9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026
Country/Territory	China
City	Tianjin
Period	15/05/26 → 17/05/26

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

coordinated control strategy
grid-forming control
inertia support
modular multilevel converter
offshore wind farm

Access to Document

10.1109/CIEEC69682.2026.11572049

Cite this

Zhang, B., Wang, J., Wang, H., & Yang, Z. (2026). Supercapacitor-Based Coordinated Grid-Forming Control Strategy for the HVDC System Integrating Offshore Wind Farms. In Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026 (pp. 3145-3151). (Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/CIEEC69682.2026.11572049

Zhang, Bobo ; Wang, Jinyu ; Wang, Haoran et al. / Supercapacitor-Based Coordinated Grid-Forming Control Strategy for the HVDC System Integrating Offshore Wind Farms. Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2026. pp. 3145-3151 (Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026).

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title = "Supercapacitor-Based Coordinated Grid-Forming Control Strategy for the HVDC System Integrating Offshore Wind Farms",

abstract = "Existing grid-forming high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system integrating offshore wind farms (OWFs) often provide very limited inertia support effect on the receiving-end grid due to the lack of stable energy sources. To address this issue, this paper proposes a scheme integrating a DC direct-mounted supercapacitor energy storage device (DCDM-SESD) into the HVDC system. A coordinated grid-forming control strategy is developed for the receiving-end modular multilevel converter (REMMC), which simultaneously achieves grid synchronization and active inertia support. Cooperative parameter design principles for the internal energy synchronization (ICES) loop and the supercapacitor energy control (SCEC) loop are established to ensure stable interaction between synchronization dynamics and energy regulation. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy in enhancing inertia support capability.",

keywords = "coordinated control strategy, grid-forming control, inertia support, modular multilevel converter, offshore wind farm",

author = "Bobo Zhang and Jinyu Wang and Haoran Wang and Zhengtong Yang",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2026 IEEE.; 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026 ; Conference date: 15-05-2026 Through 17-05-2026",

year = "2026",

doi = "10.1109/CIEEC69682.2026.11572049",

language = "英语",

series = "Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

pages = "3145--3151",

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Zhang, B, Wang, J, Wang, H & Yang, Z 2026, Supercapacitor-Based Coordinated Grid-Forming Control Strategy for the HVDC System Integrating Offshore Wind Farms. in Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026. Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 3145-3151, 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026, Tianjin, China, 15/05/26. https://doi.org/10.1109/CIEEC69682.2026.11572049

Supercapacitor-Based Coordinated Grid-Forming Control Strategy for the HVDC System Integrating Offshore Wind Farms. / Zhang, Bobo; Wang, Jinyu; Wang, Haoran et al.
Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2026. p. 3145-3151 (Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Supercapacitor-Based Coordinated Grid-Forming Control Strategy for the HVDC System Integrating Offshore Wind Farms

AU - Zhang, Bobo

AU - Wang, Jinyu

AU - Wang, Haoran

AU - Yang, Zhengtong

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - Existing grid-forming high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system integrating offshore wind farms (OWFs) often provide very limited inertia support effect on the receiving-end grid due to the lack of stable energy sources. To address this issue, this paper proposes a scheme integrating a DC direct-mounted supercapacitor energy storage device (DCDM-SESD) into the HVDC system. A coordinated grid-forming control strategy is developed for the receiving-end modular multilevel converter (REMMC), which simultaneously achieves grid synchronization and active inertia support. Cooperative parameter design principles for the internal energy synchronization (ICES) loop and the supercapacitor energy control (SCEC) loop are established to ensure stable interaction between synchronization dynamics and energy regulation. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy in enhancing inertia support capability.

AB - Existing grid-forming high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system integrating offshore wind farms (OWFs) often provide very limited inertia support effect on the receiving-end grid due to the lack of stable energy sources. To address this issue, this paper proposes a scheme integrating a DC direct-mounted supercapacitor energy storage device (DCDM-SESD) into the HVDC system. A coordinated grid-forming control strategy is developed for the receiving-end modular multilevel converter (REMMC), which simultaneously achieves grid synchronization and active inertia support. Cooperative parameter design principles for the internal energy synchronization (ICES) loop and the supercapacitor energy control (SCEC) loop are established to ensure stable interaction between synchronization dynamics and energy regulation. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy in enhancing inertia support capability.

KW - coordinated control strategy

KW - grid-forming control

KW - inertia support

KW - modular multilevel converter

KW - offshore wind farm

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105044594118

U2 - 10.1109/CIEEC69682.2026.11572049

DO - 10.1109/CIEEC69682.2026.11572049

M3 - 会议稿件

AN - SCOPUS:105044594118

T3 - Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026

SP - 3145

EP - 3151

BT - Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

T2 - 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026

Y2 - 15 May 2026 through 17 May 2026

ER -

Zhang B, Wang J, Wang H, Yang Z. Supercapacitor-Based Coordinated Grid-Forming Control Strategy for the HVDC System Integrating Offshore Wind Farms. In Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2026. p. 3145-3151. (Proceedings of 2026 IEEE 9th International Electrical and Energy Conference, CIEEC 2026). doi: 10.1109/CIEEC69682.2026.11572049

Supercapacitor-Based Coordinated Grid-Forming Control Strategy for the HVDC System Integrating Offshore Wind Farms

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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