Smart manufacturing service towards industry 5.0: framework, characteristics and industrial case studies

Manufacturing systems are undergoing rapid evolution toward deeper integration of intelligence, connectivity, and service orientation. Smart manufacturing now has transcended traditional production processes to provide individualized, data-driven, and integrated service solutions, while conventional manufacturing services are undergoing intelligent and digital transformation. In this study, a systematic review of smart manufacturing service under Industry 5.0 was performed. First, researchers conduct a comparative analysis between In`dustry 4.0 and Industry 5.0, elucidating their conceptual evolution and defining the core concepts of smart manufacturing service under Industry 5.0. This study then puts forward an innovative multi-level architecture that highlights the interactions among different levels to realize smart manufacturing service. Furthermore, this study summarizes the recent research progress in relation to key enabling technologies such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and digital twins, thus clarifying the current technological coverage in the field of manufacturing service. Finally, by means of case studies of enterprises of various scales, the feasibility and adaptability of smart manufacturing service are verified. Overall, this study aims to provide guidance for future development by helping industrial practitioners effectively integrate and apply smart manufacturing service paradigms to meet the growing demand for individualized, human-centric, and sustainable manufacturing environments.