Abstract
Elucidating the cellular organization of the cerebral cortex is critical for understanding brain structure and function. Using large-scale single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic analysis of 143 macaque cortical regions, we obtained a comprehensive atlas of 264 transcriptome-defined cortical cell types and mapped their spatial distribution across the entire cortex. We characterized the cortical layer and region preferences of glutamatergic, GABAergic, and non-neuronal cell types, as well as regional differences in cell-type composition and neighborhood complexity. Notably, we discovered a relationship between the regional distribution of various cell types and the region's hierarchical level in the visual and somatosensory systems. Cross-species comparison of transcriptomic data from human, macaque, and mouse cortices further revealed primate-specific cell types that are enriched in layer 4, with their marker genes expressed in a region-dependent manner. Our data provide a cellular and molecular basis for understanding the evolution, development, aging, and pathogenesis of the primate brain.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 3726-3743.e24 |
| Journal | Cell |
| Volume | 186 |
| Issue number | 17 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 17 Aug 2023 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- cell-type organization
- hierarchy
- macaque cortex
- single-cell
- spatial transcriptome