Shaping global health promotion: a comprehensive analysis of the 10 Global Conferences on Health Promotion Conferences (1986‒2021)

Objective: This study analyzed how the 10 Global Conferences on Health Promotion have played a significant role in shaping and promoting a worldwide consensus and actions on health promotion, effectively addressing diverse health challenges that evolved over different periods. Methods: The textual analysis method was used in this study and text encoding was conducted to systematically examine the declarations and reports presented by the 10 Global Conferences on Health Promotion held during 1986‒2021. We summarized the themes and key achievements, and key vocabulary in the conference declarations was extracted and analyzed to construct the global health promotion consensus and actions. Results: The fundamental principles of the conferences are to foster consensus and initiate actions in the realm of health promotion on a global scale. The primary purpose and goal are to promote health from regional to global. Significantly, our findings highlight a transition in the primary actors driving health promotion. It underscores a shift in health promotion from being driven primarily by organizations like the World Health Organization, governments, and international bodies, to a more inclusive approach involving non-governmental organizations and the general public. This development implies that health promotion has evolved into a collective global endeavor, demanding the proactive involvement of various stakeholders, and forging new alliances in public health. Meanwhile, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has further shaped the landscape of health promotion, underscoring the need for intensified focus on areas including disease prevention, health education, and the integration of digital health technologies, and emphasizing the importance of a multidimensional, responsive approach in public health initiatives. Conclusions: Sustained collaboration and innovative strategies are pivotal to advancing health promotion globally. Countries, together with public and private entities, should intensify cooperation. Multisectoral collaboration among partners such as healthcare, education, social security, and the industry is vital for health promotion and achieving global health goals.