Self-polymerized polydopamine-based nanoparticles for acute kidney injury treatment through inhibiting oxidative damages and inflammatory

The polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) as a self-polymerized form of dopamine have occurred with growing interest in biomedical applications in late years. Its natural-inspired feature as a conjugated polymer endows excellent inactivating capability for radical species to PDA-based nanoparticles that provide a theoretical foundation for applications in preventing inflammation-mediated acute kidney injury (AKI) from ROS. Here, we develop a polydopamine wrapped manganese ferrite nanoparticles (PDA@MF NPs) strategy for acute kidney injury therapy by synergistically scavenging ROS and producing O₂, which further regulates macrophages amounts by decreasing M1-type and increasing M2-type. Water-soluble PDA@MF NPs were prepared in one step after the oxidative and self-polymerized process of the dopamine monomer. Here, the biodegradable PDA NPs were applied to scavenge ROS. MF NPs undertake continuous O₂ production in an H₂O₂-based hypoxic environment. Based on this system, we aim to relieve the hypoxia, pathological symptoms, and inflammation via scavenging ROS during the O₂ production process, and effective polarization to M2-type macrophages.