Review on the ammonia-blend as an alternative fuel for micro gas turbine power generation

To achieve zero carbon emissions, replacing conventional fuels in combustion engines and gas turbines with carbon-free fuel is of utmost important. While hydrogen is effective in mitigating climate change, the cost challenges in liquefaction and transportation persist. Ammonia (NH₃), a carbon-free fuel with its higher volumetric energy density and cost advantages, emerges as a potential substitute. This review reports the most recent studies on NH₃ as a fuel for micro gas turbine (MGT), highlighting both advantages and limitations. The performance and emissions in gas turbines are discussed. The main obstacles to a widespread usage of NH₃ blends as fuel for MGT power generation are addressed, along with the current stage of commercialization. The review explores all the numerical and experimental works on NH₃ blend in combustion system of MGT, and further presents ways to overcome the limitations associated with the combustion, such as high NO_x emissions and low burning velocity.