Resilience-oriented Planning and Cost Allocation of Energy Storage Integrated with Soft Open Point Based on Resilience Insurance

In recent years, frequent extreme events have put forward higher requirements for improving the resilience of distribution networks (DNs). Introducing energy storage integrated with soft open point (E-SOP) is one of the effective ways to improve resilience. However, the widespread application of E-SOP is limited by its high investment cost. Based on this, we propose a cost allocation framework and optimal planning method of E-SOP in resilient DN. Firstly, a cost allocation mechanism for E-SOP based on resilience insurance service is designed; the probability of power users purchasing resilience insurance service is determined based on the expected utility theory. Then, a four-layer stochastic distributionally robust optimization (SDRO) model is developed for E-SOP planning and insurance pricing strategy. In this model, the uncertainty in the intensity of contingent extreme events is addressed using a stochastic optimization approach. Meanwhile, the uncertainties in outage occurrences and resilience insurance purchases, which result from a specific extreme event, are handled through a distributionally robust optimization approach. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified on the modified IEEE 33-bus DN.