Resilience-Oriented Distribution Network Restoration Optimization and Disaster Recovery Capability Assessment Method Considering Soft Open Points

Major natural disasters can cause severe damage to distribution networks, leading to widespread power outages and significant economic losses. Rapid post-disaster restoration of critical loads in distribution systems is essential. Under the dual-carbon policy framework, the increasing integration of flexible resources into distribution networks offers new opportunities for restoration strategies. First, this paper develops comprehensive models for distributed generators (DGs), energy storage systems (ESSs), renewable energy sources (RESs), and soft open points (SOPs), considering various operational constraints in distribution networks. Second, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP)-based multi-resource coordinated restoration model is proposed. This model employs DGs as the primary power source, supported by other distributed resources, while leveraging network reconfiguration and SOP-based load transfer to form multiple microgrids for load restoration. Next, the proposed restoration model is applied to the entire disaster process, and a resilience assessment framework is established to evaluate system performance across all phases. Finally, case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.