Resilience-Oriented Allocation of FI and RCS Considering Multi-Stage Collaborative Restoration with Improved Integer L-Shaped Method

Extreme disasters pose significant threats to distribution networks. While the allocation of Fault Indicators (FIs) and Sectionalizing Switches (SSs) can mitigate these impacts by accelerating fault localization and isolation, widespread deployment is often constrained by limited budgets. To address this, this paper proposes a resilience-oriented joint allocation optimization method for FIs and Remote Control Switches (RCSs). A two-stage stochastic programming model is constructed with the objective of minimizing the Loss of Load Energy (LLE). This model comprehensively incorporates the time-sequence of multiple faults, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) patrolling strategies, and collaborative restoration measures involving fault isolation and repair crews. To efficiently handle the integer variables within the optimization, an improved integer L-shaped method is employed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on a modified IEEE-123 system.