Research Progress in the Response of Soil Microbial Traits to Warming and Their Integration into Carbon Cycle Models

Soil microorganisms serve as key drivers of biogeochemical cycling processes and are essential for maintaining the structure and stability of terrestrial ecosystems. Although existing studies have made progress in understanding the patterns and mechanisms of microbial responses to warming,there remains insufficient integration of microbial response mechanisms and the scientific application of their trait parameters in ecosystem models. Therefore,this paper focused on five core microbial traits:microbial community structure,biomass, extracellular enzyme activity,respiration,and carbon use efficiency. We systematically expounded the response mechanisms of these core traits driven by warming,clarifying the regulatory effects of relevant environmental variables on them. Meanwhile,this paper outlined current research progress in integrating microbial traits into the carbon cycle models,aiming to enhance the accuracy of assessing changes in ecosystem functioning under climate warming. Based on current research progress,we advocated that future studies should focus on long-term field monitoring and multi-ecosystem,large-scale comprehensive investigation. This would enable accurate prediction of the effects of warming on microbial communities,thereby enhancing model prediction capabilities for microbial-driven ecosystem functions. This will advance mechanistic understanding of soil microbial responses to climate warming and provide theoretical support for sustainable ecosystem management.