Reliability-based planning of district integrated energy system considering distributed energy storage and demand response

Flexibility tools like demand response, distributed storage and integration of other energy networks are all key aspects of efficient utilisation of the electrical grid. This study presents a complete model for the reliability-based planning of district integrated energy systems (IESs) considering distributed energy storage and integrated demand response. First, an optimal planning model of district IES is proposed to determine the type and capacity of new facilities to be invested over the planning horizon, for minimising total investment and operation costs. Furthermore, a joint N-1 and N-k reliability criterion is introduced to construct the complete reliability-based planning model for economical and reliable planning solutions. The proposed model is solved via a heuristic algorithm, by iteratively solving a base-case master problem and two operation subproblems to check N-1 and N-k criteria. Numerical case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed reliability-based planning model and methodology. Results show that the model can promote the flexibility of distribution systems while ensuring reliability and economy.