Reinforcement of Polyethylene with Potassium Hexatitanate Whiskers: Importance of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Additive

Potassium hexatitanate whiskers are prepared and characterized in this study. The reinforcement of polyethylene with potassium hexatitanate whiskers is also investigated. The potassium hexatitanate whiskers are prepared through the calcination of TiO₂ and K₂CO₃ at 1000 °C. It is determined that a polyvinylpyrrolidone additive is crucial for the formation of slender rod-like structures with smooth and flat surfaces and a high length-to-diameter ratio. For the surface modification of the whiskers, γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane has been identified as the most effective coupling agent for enhancing mechanical properties. The whiskers have little change in shape after surface modification, and the majority of the whiskers still retain a considerable length-to-diameter ratio. The results of mechanical tests indicate that the tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity, as well as the shear strength and the shear elasticity, are enhanced to some extent. The tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity increase by 18.6% and 3.6%, respectively. The modified polyethylene composites show enhanced softness and elasticity. The elongation at the break for the prepared PE/PHT-2-1 composites increases significantly to 38.1%, significantly exceeding that of unfilled polyethylene (6.84%). Nevertheless, a suitable method is established for reinforcing thermoplastic polymers using inexpensive potassium hexatitanate whiskers.