Reduced inflammatory response of macrophages on nanostructured surface of Ti-Cu alloy

Once a biomaterial is implanted, inflammatory response will happen on the implant. Prolonged inflammatory events will decrease the implant success rate. Implants with nanostructured surfaces have been considered as an effective strategy to reduce inflammatory response. A TiO₂ nanostructured surface doped with CuO and Cu₂O on Ti-Cu alloy was fabricated by NaOH, deionized water and heat treatments. The RAW 264.7 macrophages were used to research the inflammatory on the nanostructured surface. The nanostructure presented excellent cytocompatibility, but reduced inflammatory response by downregulating mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and secretion of proinflammatory cytokine, implying that the nanostructure might benefit implantation success.