Recent advances in the biosynthesis of natural products from C1 compounds

One-carbon (C1) compounds, such as CO₂, methane, and methanol, are emerging as promising feedstocks for next-generation biomanufacturing due to their abundance and low cost. In recent years, there has been growing interest in harnessing microorganisms to convert these carbon sources into valuable natural products (NPs), which offers great potential for sustainable development. This review systematically outlines recent advancements in biocatalysts, synthetic biology, and process optimization aimed at improving the feasibility and scalability of producing C1-based NPs. Current challenges and insights into NPs biomanufacturing from C1 compounds are thoroughly examined in the areas of multi-gene editing, metabolic regulation, and synthetic microbial consortium. With ongoing progress in biosynthetic tools and fermentation techniques, C1-based biomanufacturing is becoming a versatile and sustainable platform for generating diverse value-added products.