Recent advances in research on cathodes for low-temperature sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries have attracted considerable attention in the field of sustainable electrochemical energy storage, owing to their abundant resources and cost-effectiveness. However, their practical application is hindered by poor electrochemical performance under low-temperature (LT) environments. The kinetics of electrode reactions of cathode materials are notably hindered at LT, which makes the search for cathode materials with excellent LT performance a research hotspot. This review encapsulates the recent noteworthy progress in the application of cathode materials, including transition metal oxides, polyanionic compounds, Prussian blue and their analogs, in sodium-ion batteries operating at LT. It offers a comprehensive synthesis of diverse strategies employed to enhance their LT performance and engages in discussions regarding avenues for further enhancement. The overarching aim of this review is to furnish valuable insights and guidance for future research endeavors conducted at LT.